homoEDUpl's channel
httpwwwhomoseksualizmedupl fan page

możesz pomóc

Zastosowania i wnioski

Zalecenia te zostały stworzone dla wielorakich celów i idealnym byłoby, gdyby miały wiele zastosowań. Po pierwsze, zalecenia te mają odpowiadać na potrzeby klinicystów i zapewniać konkretny przewodnik, jaki oferują doświadczeni klinicyści kolegom, którzy obecnie praktykują interwencje ukierunkowane na zmianę niechcianych skłonności i zachowań homoseksualnych lub rozważają to. Zalecenia te, same w sobie, wspierają doskonałośćw praktyce która - jeśli przestrzega się wskazówek - winna ograniczyć ryzyko szkody i zwiększać prawdopodobieństwo pozytywnych wyników terapii dla klientów poszukujących konkretnej, mierzalnej zmiany. Zalecenia służą także edukowaniu klinicystów przez zapewnianie punktu wejściowego w te aspekty literatury zawodowej, które mogą nie być dostatecznie opisane przez ogólnonarodowe towarzystwa zajmujące się zdrowiem psychicznym.

Po wtóre, zalecenia te informują odbiorców którzy otrzymują interwencję terapeutyczną celem zmiany niechcianych skłonności i zachowań homoseksualnych lub ją rozważają. Zapewniają one szerokie ramy odniesienia, które pomagają klientom określić, czy usługi kliniczne, jakie otrzymują, zapewniane są w wystarczająco profesjonalny i etyczny sposób. Odbiorcy interwencji zorientowanej na zmianę mogą uznać za wartościowe dyskutowanie tych zaleceń ze swymi terapeutami. Rozmowa o nich na wczesnym etapie terapii jako część procesu świadomej zgody może ułatwić planowanie zarówno celów krótko, jak i długoterminowych.

Okresowo i pod koniec terapii, klinicyści mogą także stosować te zalecenia, by oceniać postęp terapeutyczny, który został dokonany przez klientów, podsumowywać i renegocjować wszelkie pozostałe cele. Zgodnie z wszystkimi podejściami do opieki psychologicznej przy jakimkolwiek problemie, najbardziej efektywne przymierze terapeutyczne pojawia się wtedy, kiedy występuje początkowa i ciągła jasność celów i zamierzeń, które podzielają klienci pragnący zmiany i ich terapeuci.

Społeczne, naukowe i medyczne informacje dostępne w tych zaleceniach mogą także posłużyć odbiorcom, kiedy oceniają korzyści i ryzyko szukania interwencji prowadzącej do zmiany zestawiając je z podejściami terapeutycznymi, które potwierdzają lub przyjmują tożsamość gejowską lub lesbijską. W ten sposób zalecenia mogą przyczynić się do bardziej świadomego i autonomicznego procesu podejmowania decyzji przez klientów, którzy chcą wiedzieć, jakie podejście kliniczne - o ile w ogóle - pragną zastosować dla swych niechcianych skłonności i zachowań homoseksualnych.

Wreszcie, zalecenia mogą ułatwić wyważoną i świadomą dyskusję o interwencji ukierunkowanej na zmianę stowarzyszeniom zajmującym się zdrowiem psychicznym i instytucjom organizującym podyplomowe programy szkoleniowe. Zalecenia uzupełniają istniejącą literaturę zawodową dotyczącą opieki psychologicznej dla osób z niechcianymi skłonnościami i zachowaniami homoseksualnymi przez to, że nie lekceważą interwencji ukierunkowanej na zmianę. Zalecenia mogą w ten sposób zachęcić więcej osób w stowarzyszeniach i na uniwersytetach, by zaangażowały się w wartościowy dialog, edukację i badania dotyczące miejsca, jakie interwencje tego typu mają w szeregu reakcji terapeutycznych na niechciane skłonności i zachowania homoseksualne. Zalecenia mogą również zapewnić zainteresowanym terapeutom i studentom możliwość zdobycia wiedzy o praktykach zawodowych odpowiedzialnych, zorientowanych na zmianę klinicystów.

Stowarzyszenia zajmujące się zdrowiem psychicznym podkreślały znaczenie autonomii klienta i samookreślenia w otoczeniu terapeutycznym, które szanuje różnorodność. Ten szacunek dla różnorodności winien obligować klinicystów, by przywiązywali tyle samo znaczenia do przekonań religijnych i wartości tradycyjnych co do tożsamości seksualnej (Benoit, 2005). We współczesnym zakresie praktyki psychologicznej, należy to szczególnie podkreślić w odniesieniu do wyborów jakie podejmują klienci co do sposobu traktowania ich niechcianych skłonności i zachowań homoseksualnych. Gdy terapia prowadzona jest w sposób spójny z tymi zaleceniami, interwencja ukierunkowana na zmianę zasługuje na to, by oferować ją klientom, którzy jej poszukują.

Zalecenia praktyki klinicznej w leczeniu niechcianych skłonności i zachowań homoseksualnych

Zalecenia terapeutyczne cz 1: Postawy wobec klientów poszukujących zmiany

Zalecenia terapeutyczne cz 2: Terapia

Zalecenia terapeutyczne cz 3: Edukacja

Przypisy

Zalecenia te przyjęte zostały przez Zarząd Narodowego Stowarzyszenia na rzecz Terapii i Badania Homoseksualizmu 25 października 2008, przejrzane i potwierdzone przed publikacją.

Zalecenia te zostały stworzone przez Zespół Roboczy do Praktycznych Zaleceń NARTH (PGTF). Prezesem PGTF był dr Chrisopher H. Rosik (Link Care Center/ Fresno Pacific University). Do zespołu PGTF należeli: dr Marc Dillworth (niezależna praktyka,, Bradenton, FL); mgr Floyd Godfrey, L.P.C. - Licencjonowany Doradca Zawodowy ? Licensed Professional Counselor (Family Strategies & Coaching, LLC, Mesa, AZ); dr Paul Miller D.M.H., M.R.C.* (ABEO, Belfast, Northern Ireland); mgr David Pickup (Thomas Aquinas Psychological Clinic, Encino, CA); dr Paul Popper.* (niezależna praktyka, San Francisco, CA); oraz dr Philip Sutton* (niezależna praktyka, South Bend, IN). Inni, którzy przyczynili do powstania tych zaleceń to dr A. Dean Byrd, M.P.H. (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT);dr Neil Whitehead* (badacz, Lower Hutt, New Zealand); oraz dr David Wood.* (LDS Family Services, Chicago, IL). Osoby, które wniosły zasadniczy wkład w powstanie zaleceń oznaczone są gwiazdką.

Prośby o kopie zaleceń w języku angielskim winny być adresowane do Narodowego Stowarzyszenia na Rzecz Terapii i Badania Homoseksualizmu, 307 West 200 South ? Suite 3001, Salt Lake City, Ut 84101; mogą być zamówione telefonicznie 1-888-364-4744 lub online za pośrednictwem http://narth.com

Przykład takiej predyspozycji genetycznej pojawia się, kiedy dziewczyna - poprzez swoje dziedzictwo genetyczne - jest atrakcyjna dla chłopców i stąd istnieje większe prawdopodobieństwo, że zajdzie w ciążę jako nastolatka. Jest to efekt słaby i nie bezpośredni, ponieważ w zadecydowanie o tym, czy wcześnie zacznie współżyć, angażuje wiele innych czynników kulturowych i sytuacyjnych, i wpływy te zwykle dominują.

Narodowe Stowarzyszenie Na Rzecz Badania i Terapii Homoseksualizmu (NARTH) 2011

Zespół Roboczy do Spraw Zaleceń Praktyki Klinicznej w Leczeniu Niechcianych Skłonności i Zachowań Homoseksualnych, Salt Lake City, Utah

Bibliografia.

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. (2001). Code of ethics. Washington, DC.

American Psychiatric Association. (1972). Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-II) (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD.

American Psychiatric Association. (1973). Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-II) (2nd ed., 6th printing). Baltimore, MD.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC.

American Psychological Association. (1975). Minutes of the council of representatives. American Psychologist, 30, 633.

American Psychological Association. (2000). Guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 55, 1440-1451.

American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.

American Psychological Association. (2008a). Answers to your questions for a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Washington, DC. online: http://www.apa.org/topics/sorientation.pdf

American Psychological Association. (2008b). Resolution on religious, religion-related and/or religion-derived prejudice. American Psychologist, 63, 431-434.

American Psychological Association. (2009). Report of the task force on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation. Washington, DC.

Auger, R. W. (2004).What we don't know CAN hurt us: Mental health clinicians? implicit assumptions about human nature. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26, 13-24.

Bailey, J. M., Dunne, M. P., & Martin, N. G. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation and its correlates in an Australian twin sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 524-536.

Bain, P. G., Kashima, Y., & Haslam, N. (2006). Conceptual beliefs about human values and their implications: Human nature beliefs predict value importance, value trade-offs, and responses to value-laden rhetoric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 351-367.

Bancroft, J. (1974). Deviant sexual behaviour: Modification and assessment. Oxford, England: Clarendon.

Bearman, P. S., & Bruckner, H. (2002). Opposite-sex twins and adolescent same-sex attraction. American Journal of Sociology, 107, 1179-1205.

Beckstead, A. L. (2001). Cures versus choices: Agendas in sexual reorientation therapy. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 5, 87-115.

Beckstead, A. L., & Morrow, S. L. (2004). Mormon clients? experiences of conversion therapy: The need for a new treatment approach. Consulting Psychologist, 32, 651-690.

Bell, A. P., Weinberg, M. S., & Hammersmith, S. K. (1981). Sexual Preference: Its development in men and women. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Bem, D. J. (1996). Exotic become erotic: A developmental theory of sexual orientation. Psychological Review, 103, 320-325.

Benoit, M. (2005). Conflict between religious commitment and same-sex attraction: Possibilities for a virtuous response. Ethics and Behavior, 15, 309-325.

Benson, H. (1996). Timeless healing: The power and biology of belief. New York, NY: Scribner. Bepko, C., & Johnson, T. (2000). Gay and lesbian couples in therapy: Perspectives for the contemporary family therapist. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26, 409-419.

Berger, J. (1994). The psychotherapeutic treatment of male homosexuality. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48, 251-261. Bergin, A. E., & Jensen, J. P. (1990). Religiosity of psychotherapists: A national survey. Psychotherapy, 27, 3-7.

Bieber, I., Dain, H., Dince, P., Drellich, M., & Grand, H. (1962). Homosexuality: A psychoanalytic study. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Birk, L., Huddleston, W., Miller, E., & Cohler, B. (1971). Avoidance conditioning for homosexuality. Archives of General Psychiatry, 25, 314-323.

Bogaert, A. F. (2007). Extreme right-handedness, older brothers, and sexual orientation in men. Neuropsychology, 21, 141-148.

Bonello, K., & Cross, M. C. (2010). Gay monogamy: I love you but I can't have sex with only you. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 117-139.

Buxton, M. S. (2004). Ethical treatment for people who present with unwanted homoerotic attractions: Guidelines for therapists. BYU Counseling and Career Center. online: http://www.narth.com/docs/buxton.html

Byne, W. (1995). Science and belief: Psychobiological research on sexual orientation. Journal of Homosexuality, 28, 303-344.

Byne, W., & Parsons, B. (1993). Human sexual orientation: The biologic theories reappraised. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 228-239.

Byrd, A. D. (2008). Former APA president supports NARTH's mission statement, assails APA?s intolerance of differing views. online: http://www.narth.com/docs/perloff.html

Byrd, A. D., & Nicolosi, J. (2002). A meta-analytic review of treatment of homosexuality. Psychological Reports, 90, 1139-1152.

Carnes, P. (1992). Don?t call it love. New York, NY: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. Cates, J. A. (2007). Identity in crisis: spirituality and homosexuality in adolescence. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24, 369-383.

Clippinger, J. A. (1974). Homosexuality can be cured. Corrective and Social Psychiatry and Journal of Behavioral Technology, Methods, and Therapy, 20, 15-28.

Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2009). Burden of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in the California Quality of Life Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 647-658.

Cochran, S. D., Sullivan, J. G., & Mays, V. M. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 53-61.

Coxell, A., King, M., Mezey, G., & Gordon, D. (1999, March 27). Lifetime prevalence, characteristics, and associated problems of non-consensual sex in men: Cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 318, 846-850.

Creer, T. L., Holroyd, K. A., Glasgow, R. E., & Smith, T. W. (2004). Health psychology. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp. 697-742). New York, NY: Wiley.

Crosby, R., & Mettey, A. (2004). A descriptive analysis of HIV risk behavior among men having sex with men attending a large sex resort. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 37, 1496-1499.

Cummings, N., O'Donohue, W., & Cummings, J. (2009). Psychology's war on religion. Phoeniz, AZ: Zeig, Tucker, & Theisen.

Davison, G. C. (2001). Conceptual and ethical issues in therapy for the psychological problems of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 695-704.

de Graaf, R., Sandfort, T. G. M., & ten Have, M. (2006). Suicidality and sexual orientation: Differences between men and women in a general population-based sample from the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 253-262.

Delaney, H. D., Miller, W. R., & Bisono, A. M. (2007). Religiosity and spirituality among psychologists: a survey of clinician members of the American Psychological Association. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 538-546.

Diamond, L. M. (2008). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44, 5-14.

DiPlacido, J. (1998). Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. In G. H. Hereck (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men and bisexuals (pp. 138-159). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, S. L., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2004). Serial compulsivity among heterosexual college students. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 343-350.

Dodge, B., Reece, M., Herbenick, D., Fisher, C., Satinsky, S., & Stupiansky, N. (2008, August 1). Relations between sexually transmitted infection diagnosis and sexual compulsivity in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM). Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84, 324-327.

Doll, L. S., Joy, D., Bartholows, B. N., & Harrison, J. S. (1992). Self-reported childhood and adolescent sexual abuse among adult homosexual and bisexual men. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 855-864.

Engelhardt, H. T., Jr. (1996). The foundations of bioethics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Eskin, M., Kaynak-Demir, H., & Demir, S. (2005). Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behavior in university students in Turkey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 185-195.

Eskridge, W., Jr., & Hunter, N. (Eds.) (1997). Sexuality, gender and the law. Westbury, NY: Foundation Press.

Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Beautrais, A. L. (1999). Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people? Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 876-880.

Fields, S. D., Malebranche, D., & Feist-Price, S. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse in black men who have sex with men: Results from three qualitative studies. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 385-390.

Fife, S. T., & Whiting, J. B. (2007).Values in family therapy practice and research: An invitation for reflection. Contemporary Family Therapy, 29, 71-86.

Floyd, F. J., & Bakeman, R. (2006). Coming-out across the life course: Implications of age and historical context. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 287-296.

Francis, A. M. (2008). Family and sexual orientation: The family-demographic correlates of homosexuality in men and women. Journal of Sex Research, 45, 371-377.

Freedman, L. (2008). Accepting the unacceptable: Religious parents and adult gay and lesbian children. Families in Society, 89, 237-244.

Galceran, J., Marcos-Gragera, R., Solr, M., Romaguera, A., Ameijide, A., . . . Casabona, J. (2007). Cancer incidence in AIDS patients in Catalonia, Spain. European Journal of Cancer, 43, 1085-1091.

Gallagher, B. J., McFalls, J. A., & Vreeland, C. N. (1993). Preliminary results from a national survey of psychiatrists concerning the etiology of male homosexuality. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 30, 1-3.

Gallup, G., Jr. (1998). The Gallup poll: Public opinion 1997. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.

Garnets, L. D., & Peplau, L. A. (2001). A new paradigm for women's sexual orientation: Implications for therapy. Women and Therapy, 24, 111-121.

Gilman, S. E., Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., Hughes, M., Ostrow, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the national comorbidity survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 933-939.

Golwyn, D. H., & Sevlie, C. P. (1993). Adventitious change in homosexual behavior during treatment of social phobia with phenelzine [Letter to the editor]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 39-40.

Gonsiorek, J. C. (1991). The empirical basis for the demise of the illness model of homosexuality. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 115?136). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gonsiorek, J. C. (2004). Reflections from the conversion therapy battlefield. The Counseling Psychologist, 32, 750-759.

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.

Granta, J. E., & Potenzab, M. N. (2006). Sexual orientation of men with pathological gambling: Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity in a treatment-seeking sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 515-518.

Green, R. J. (2003). When therapists do not want their clients to be homosexual: A response to Rosik's article. Journal of Marriage and Family Therapy, 29, 31-40.

Greene, B. (1998). Family, ethnic identity, and sexual orientation: African American lesbians and gay men. In C. J. Patterson & A. R. D'Augelli (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities in families: Psychological perspectives (pp. 40?52). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Gregory, C., Pomerantz, A. M., Pettibone, J. C., & Segrist, D. J. (2008). The effect of psychologists? disclosure of personal religious background on prospective clients. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture, 11, 369-373.

Griffin-Shelley, E. (1997). Sex and love: Addiction, treatment, and recovery. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Guigliamo, J. (2006). Out of control sexual behavior: A qualitative investigation. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 13, 361-375.

Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize. Social Justice Research, 20, 98?116.

Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2009). Planet of the Durkheimians, where community, authority, and sacredness are foundations of morality. In J. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 371?401). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Haidt, J., & Hersh, M. A. (2001). Sexual morality: The cultures and emotions of conservatives and liberals. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 191-221.

Haldeman, D. C. (1991). Sexual orientation conversion therapy for gay men and lesbians: A scientific examination. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 149-160). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Haldeman, D. C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 221-227.

Haldeman, D. C. (2001). Therapeutic antidotes: Helping gay and bisexual men recover from conversion therapies. In A. Shildo, M. Schroeder, & J. Drescher (Eds.), Sexual conversion therapy: Ethical, clinical, and research perspectives (pp. 117-130). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.

Haldeman, D. C. (2002). Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 260-264.

Haldeman, D. C. (2004). When sexual and religious orientation collide: Considerations in working with conflicted same-sex attracted male clients. Counseling Psychologist, 32, 691-715.

Hamer, D. H., Hu, S., Magnuson, V. L., Hu, N., & Pattatucci, A. M. L. (1993). A linkage between DNA markers on the X-chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science, 261, 321-327.

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social science perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 32-43.

Herek, G. M., & Gonzalez-Rivera, M. (2006). Attitudes toward homosexuality among U.S. residents of Mexican descent. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 122?135.

Hermann, M. A., & Herlihy, B. R. (2006). Legal and ethical implications of refusing to counsel homosexual clients. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 414-418.

Hershberger, S. L. (1997). A twin registry study of male and female sexual orientation. Journal of Sex Research, 34, 212-222.

Hershberger, S. L., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1995). The impact of victimization in the mental health and suicidality of lesbian gay and bisexual youths. Developmental Psychology, 31, 65-74.

James, E. C. (1978). Treatment of homosexuality: A reanalysis and synthesis of outcome studies (niepublikowana dysertacja doktorska). Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.

James, W. H. (2005). Two hypotheses on the causes of male homosexuality and paedophilia. Journal of Biosocial Science, 38, 745-761.

Jawad, S., Sidebothams, C., Sequira, R., & Jamil, N. (2009). Case report [Letter to the editor]. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 21, 354.

Johnson, T. R. (1995). The significance of religion for aging well. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 186-208.

Jones, S. L. (1994). A constructive relationship for religion with the science and profession of psychology. American Psychologist, 49, 184-199.

Jones, S. L., & Yarhouse, M. A. (2000), Homosexuality: The use of scientific research in the church's moral debate. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Jones, S. L., & Yarhouse, M. A. (2007) Ex-gays?: A longitudinal study of religiously mediated change in sexual orientation.

Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. Kaplan, D. M., Kocet, M. M., Cottone, R. R., Glosoff, H. L., Miranti, J. G., . . . Tarvydas, V. M. (2009, March). New mandates and imperatives in the revised ACA Code of Ethics. Journal of Counseling and Development, 87, 241-252.

Karten, E. Y., & Wade, J. C. (2010). Sexual orientation changes efforts in men: A client perspective. Journal of Men?s Studies, 18, 84?102.

Katz, J. (1976). Gay American history: Lesbians and gay men in the U.S.A. New York, NY: Crowell.

Kelly, B. C., Bimbi, D. S., Nanin, J. E., Izienicki, H., & Parsons, J. T. (2009). Sexual compulsivity and sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Sex Research, 46, 301-308.

Kendler, H. H. (1999). The role of value in the world of psychology. American Psychologist, 54, 828-835.

King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., Nazareth, I. (2008, August). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatrity, 8, Special Section pp. 1-17. online: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/8/70

Kinnish, K. K., Strassberg, D. S., & Turner, C. W. (2005). Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: A multidimensional retrospective assessment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 175-183.

Koening, H. G. (1993). Religion and aging. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 3, 195-203.

Lalumiere, M. L., Blanchard, R., & Zucker, K. L. (2000). Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 575-592.

Lambert, M. J., & Ogles, B. M. (2004). The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield?s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, (5th ed., pp. 139-193). New York, NY:

Wiley. Langstrom, N., Rahman, Q., Carlstrom, E., & Lichtenstein, P. (2008). Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden. Archives of Sexual Behavior. online: http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1

Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Liddle, B. J. (1996). Therapist sexual orientation, gender, and counseling practices as they relate to ratings of helpfulness by gay and lesbian clients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 394-401.

Liszez, A. M., & Yarhouse, M. A. (2005). Same-sex attraction: A survey regarding client- directed treatment goals. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, 111?115.

Lock, J., & Steiner, H. (1999). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth risks for emotional, physical, and social problems: Results from a community-based survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 297-304.

Lundy, M. S., & Rekers, G.A. (1995). Homosexuality in adolescence: Interventions and ethical considerations. In G. A. Rekers (Ed.), Handbook of child and adolescent sexual problems (pp. 341-377). New York, NY: Lexington Books.

MacIntosh, H. (1994). Attitudes and experiences of psychoanalysis in analyzing homosexual patients. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 42, 1183-1207.

Martell, C. R., & Prince, S. E. (2005). Treating infidelity in same-sex couples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 1429-1438.

Martin, J. T., & Nguyen, D. H. (2004). Anthropometric analysis of homosexuals and heterosexuals: Implications for early hormone exposure. Hormones and Behavior, 45, 31-39.

Martinez, D. G., & Sullivan, S. C. (1998). African American gay men and lesbians: Examining the complexity of gay identity development. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1, 243-264.

Masters, W., & Johnson, V. (1979). Homosexuality in perspective. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Maylon, A. K. (1982). Psychotherapeutic implications of internalized homophobia in gay men. In J. C. Gonsiorek (Ed.), Homosexuality and psychotherapy: A practitioner's handbook of affirmative models (pp. 59-69). New York, NY: Haworth.

Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbians, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1869-1876.

McAdams, D. P., Albaugh, M., Farber, E., Daniels, J., Logan, R. L., & Olson, B. (2008). Family metaphors and moral intuitions: How conservatives and liberals narrate their lives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 978-990.

McConaghy, N. (1993). Sexual behavior: Problems and management. New York, NY: Plenum.

Meehl, P. E. (1993). Philosophy of science: Help or hindrance. Psychological Reports, 72, 702-734.

Mercer, C. H., Hart, G. J., Johnson, A. M., & Cassell, J. A. (2009). Behaviorally bisexual men as a bridge population for HIV and sexually transmitted infections? Evidence from a national probability survey. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 20, 87-94.

Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 160-186). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F., Dolezal, C., Baker, S. W., & New, M. I. (2008). Sexual orientation in women with classical or non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a function of degree of prenatal androgen excess. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 85-99.

Midgley, M. (1992). Science and salvation: A modern myth and its meaning. London, England: Rutledge.

Miller, R. B. (2001). Scientific vs. clinical-based knowledge in psychology: A concealed moral conflict. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 55, 344-356.

Mohr, D. C. (1995). Negative outcome in psychotherapy: A critical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 1-27.

Monachello, R. J. (2006). The father and son relationship in homosexual identity development: A phenomenological study (niepublikowana dysertacja doktorska). St. Mary?s University, San Antonio, TX.

Moradi, B., Mohr, J. J., Worthington, R. L., & Fassinger, R. E. (2009). Counseling psychology research on sexual (orientation) minority issues: Conceptual and methodological challenges and opportunities. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 5-22.

Morin, G., & Rothblum, G. (1991). Removing the stigma: Fifteen years of progress. American Psychologist, 46, 947-949.

Murphy, T. F. (1992). Redirecting sexual orientation: Techniques and justifications. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 501-523.

National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) Scientific Advisory Committee. (2009). What research shows: NARTH's response to the APA claims on homosexuality. Journal of Human Sexuality, 1, 1-121.

National Association of Social Workers. (2000). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC.

Neeleman, J., & King, M. B. (1993). Psychiatrists' religious attitudes in relation to their clinical practice: A survey of 231 psychiatrists. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88, 420-424.

Nicolosi, J. (2009). Shame and attachment loss: The practical work of reparative therapy. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Nicolosi, J., Byrd, A. D., & Potts, R. W. (2000). Retrospective self-reports of changes in homosexual orientation: A consumer survey of conversion therapy clients. Psychological Reports, 86, 1071-1088.

Nicolosi, J., Byrd, A. D., & Potts, R. W. (2008). Clients' perceptions of how reorientation therapy and self-help can promote change in sexual orientation. Psychological Reports, 102, 3-28.

O?Donahue, W. T. (1989). The (even) bolder model: The clinical psychologist as metaphysician-scientist-practitioner. American Psychologist, 44, 1460-1468.

O?Donahue, W. T., & Caselles, C. E. (2005). Homophobia: Conceptual, definitional, and value issues. In R. H. Wright & N. A. Cummings (Eds.), Destructive trends in mental health: The well-intentioned path to harm (pp. 65-83). New York, NY: Routledge.

Otis, M. D., & Skinner, W. F. (2004). An exploratory study of differences in views of factors affecting sexual orientation for a sample of lesbians and gay men. Psychological Reports, 94, 1173-1179.

Owen, S., & Burke, T. W. (2004). An exploration of the prevalence of domestic violence in same-sex relationships. Psychological Reports, 95, 129-132.

Parsons, J. T., Kelly, B. C., Bimbi, D. S., DiMaria, L., Wainberg, M. L., & Morgenstern, J. (2008). Explanations for the origins of sexual compulsivity among gay and bisexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 817-826.

Paul, J. P., Catania, J., Pollack, L., Moskowitz, J., Canchola, J., . . . Mills, T. (2002). Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: Lifetime prevalence and antecedents. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1338-1345.

Paul, J. P., Catania, J., Pollack, L., & Stall, R. (2001). Understanding childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men: The urban men's health study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 557-584.

Ploderl, M., & Fartacek, R. (2005). Suicidality and associated risk factors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual compared to heterosexual Austrian adults. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 35, 661-670.

Pomeroy, W. B. (1972). Dr. Kinsey and the institute for sex research. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Posner, R. A. (1992). Sex and reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Posner, R. A., & Silbaugh, K. B. (1996). A guide to sex laws in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Prestage, G., Jin, F., J., Zablotska, I., Grulich, A., Imrie, J., . . . Kaldor, J. (2008). Trends in agreements between regular partners among gay men in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia. AIDS Behavior, 12, 513-520.

Quadland, M. C., & Shattls, W. D. (1987). AIDS, sexuality, and sexual control. Journal of Homosexuality, 14, 277-298.

Rahman, Q., Kumari, V., & Wilson, G. D. (2003). Sexual orientation-related differences in prepulse inhibition of the human startle response. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 1096-1102.

Redding, R. E. (2001). Sociopolitical diversity in psychology. American Psychologist, 56, 205-215.

Rekers, G. A. (1995). Assessment and treatment methods of gender identity disorder and transvestism. In G. A. Rekers (Ed.), Handbook of child and adolescent sexual problems (pp. 272-289). New York, NY: Lexington Books.

Remafedi, G., Farrow, J., & Deisher, R. (1991). Risk factors for attempted suicide in gay and bisexual youth. Pediatrics, 87, 869-875.

Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 57-60.

Remafedi, G., Resnick, M., Blum, R., & Harris, L. (1992). Demography of sexual orientation in adolescents. Pediatrics, 89, 714-722.

Rhodes, S. D., McCoy, T. P., Wilkin, A. M., & Wolfson, M. (2009). Behavioral risk disparities in a random sample of self-identifying gay and non-gay male university students. Journal of Homosexuality, 56, 1083-1100.

Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (2000). Handbook of psychotherapy and religious diversity. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (2004). Casebook for a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Richards, P. S. & Bergin, A. E. (2005). Spiritual strategy for counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2009). Disclosure of sexual orientation and subsequent substance use and abuse among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Critical role of disclosure reactions. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 23, 175-184.

Rosenbluth, S. (1997). Is sexual orientation a matter of choice? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 595-610.

Rosik, C. H. (2003a). Motivational, ethical, and epistemological foundations in the treatment of unwanted homoerotic attraction. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 13-28.

Rosik, C. H. (2003b). When therapists do not acknowledge their moral values: Green?s response as a case study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 39-45.

Rosik, C. H. (2007a). Ideological concerns in the operationalization of homophobia, Part 1: An analysis of Herek?s ATLG-R scale. Journal of Theology and Psychology, 35, 132-144.

Rosik, C. H. (2007b). Ideological concerns in the operationalization of homophobia, Part 2: The need for interpretive sensitivity with conservatively religious persons. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 35, 145-152.

Rubenstein, W. (Ed.) (1996). Cases and materials on sexual orientation and the law (2nd ed.). St. Paul, MN: West.

Russell, S. T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1276- 1281.

Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior. Malden, MD: Blackwell. Sandfort, T. G., Bakker, F., Schellevis, F., & Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2009). Coping styles as mediator of sexual orientation-related health differences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 253-263.

Sandfort, T. G. M., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., & Schnabel, P. (2001). Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 85-91.

Santtila, P., Sandnabba, N. K., Harlaar, N., Varjonen, M., Alanko, K., & von der Pahlen, B. (2008). Potential for homosexual response is prevalent and genetic. Biological Psychology, 77, 102-105.

Satinsky, S., Fisher, C., Stupiansky, N., Dodge, B., Alexander, A., Herbenick, D., & Reece, M. (2008, July). Sexual compulsivity among men in a decentralized MSM community of the Midwestern United States. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 22(7), 553-560.

Savin-Williams, R. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Schmalz, J. (1993, March 5). Poll finds even split on homosexuality's cause. New York Times, p. A14.

Schneider, M. S., Brown, L. S, & Glassgold, J. M. (2002). Implementing the resolution on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation: A guide for the perplexed. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 265-276.

Schrimshaw, E., Rosario, M., Meyer-Bahlburg, H., Scharf-Matlick, A., Langstrom, N., & Hanson, R. K. (2006). Test-retest reliability of self-reported sexual behavior, sexual orientation, and psychosexual milestones among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: High rates of sexual behavior in the general population: Correlates and predictors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 225-234.

Schroeder, M., & Shildo, A., (2002). Ethical issues in sexual orientation conversion therapies. In A. Shildo, M. Schroeder, & J. Drescher (Eds.), Sexual conversion therapy: Ethical, clinical, and research perspectives (pp. 131-166). New York, NY: Haworth.

Schulte, L. J., & Battle, J. (2004). The relative importance of ethnicity and religion in predicting attitudes toward gays and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 47, 127-141.

Schwartz, M. F., & Masters, W. H. (1984). The Masters and Johnson treatment program for dissatisfied homosexual men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 173-181.

Sell, R. L (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 643-658.

Shernoff, M. (1999). Monogamy and gay men. Family Networker, 23, 63?71. Shernoff, M. (2006). Negotiated nonmonogamy and male couples. Family Process, 45, 407-418.

Shildo, A. (1994). Internalized homophobia: Conceptual and empirical issues in measurement. In R. J. Green & G. M. Herek (Eds.), Lesbian and gay psychology: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 176-205). Thousand Oaks, CA;

Sage. Shildo, A., & Schroeder, M. (2002). Changing sexual orientation: A consumer's report. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 249-259.

Shildo, A., Schroeder, M. & Drescher, J. (Eds.). (2001). Sexual conversion therapy: Ethical, clinical and research perspectives. New York, NY: Haworth.

Silverstein, C. (2003). The religious conversion of homosexuals: Subject selection is the voir dire of psychological research. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 7, 31-53.

Sisk, C. L., & Zehr, J. L. (2005). Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology, 26, 163-174.

Slife, B. D. (2006). Are psychology's main methods biased against the worldview of many religious people? Journal of Psychology and Theology, 34, 217-231.

Slife, B. D. (2008). A primer of the values implicit in counseling research methods. Counseling and Values, 53, 7-21.

Slife, B. D., & Reber, J. S. (2009). Is there a pervasive implicit bias against theism in psychology? Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 29, 63-79.

Spitalnick, J., & McNair, L. D. (2005). Couples therapy with gay and lesbian clients: An analysis of important clinical issues. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 31, 43-56.

Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation? 200 participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 403-417.

Stark, R. (2005). The victory of reason: How Christianity led to freedom, capitalism, and western success. New York, NY: Random House.

Stein, E. (1999). The mismeasure of desire: The science, theory and ethics of sexual orientation. London, England: Oxford University Press.

Stoddard, J. P., Dibble, S. L., & Fineman, N. (2009). Sexual and physical abuse: A comparison between lesbians and their heterosexual sisters. Journal of Homosexuality, 56, 407-420.

Thase, M. E., & Jindal, R. D. (2004). Combining psychotherapy and psychopharmacology for treatment of mental disorders. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp. 743-766). New York, NY: Wiley.

Throckmorton, W. (1998). Attempts to modify sexual orientation: A review of outcome literature and ethical issues. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 20, 283-304.

Throckmorton, W. (2002). Initial empirical and clinical findings concerning the change process for ex-gays. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 242-248.

Throckmorton, W., & Welton, G. (2005). Counseling practices as they relate to ratings of helpfulness by consumers of sexual reorientation therapy. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24, 332-342.

Throckmorton, W., & Yarhouse, M. A. (2006). Sexual identity therapy: Practice guidelines for managing sexual identity conflicts. online: http://www.drthrockmorton.com/article.asp?id=187

Tomeo, M. E., Templer, D. L., Anderson, S., & Kotler, D. (2001). Comparative data of childhood and adolescent molestation in heterosexual and homosexual persons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 535-541.

Tozer, E. E., & McClanahan, M. K. (1999). Treating the purple menace: Ethical considerations of conversion therapy and affirmative alternatives. Counseling Psychologist, 27, 722-742.

Trocki, K. F., Drabble, L. A., & Midanik, L. T. (2009). Tobacco, marijuana, and sensation seeking: Comparisons across gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual groups. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 620-631.

Tyler, K. A., Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Cauce, A. M. (2004). Risk factors for sexual victimization among male and female homeless and runaway youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 503-520.

van Kesteren, N. M., Hospers, H. J., & Kok, G. (2007). Sexual risk behavior among HIV- positive men who have sex with men: A literature review. Patient Education and Counseling, 65, 5-20.

Van Wyk, P. H., & Geist, C. S. (1984). Psychosocial development of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 13, 505-544.'
Vincent, W., Peterson, J. L., & Parrott, D. J. (2009). Differences in African American and white women's attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Sex Roles, 61, 599-606.

Weinrich, J. D., & Klein, F. (2002). Bi-gay, bi-straight, and bi-bi: Three bisexual subgroups identified using cluster analysis of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid. Journal of Bisexuality, 2, 109-140.

Whisman, V. (1996). Queer by choice: Lesbians, gay men, and the politics of identity. New York, NY: Routledge.

Whitam, F. L., & Mathy, R. M. (1986). Male homosexuality in four societies: Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines, and the United States. New York, NY: Praeger.

Wilson, H. W., & Widom, C. S. (2010). Does physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect in childhood increase the likelihood of same-sex sexual relationships and cohabitation? A prospective 30-year follow up. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 63-74.

Wolok, J., Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Current research knowledge about adolescent victimization via the Internet. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 18, 325-341.

Worthington, R. L. (2004). Sexual identity, sexual orientation, religious identity, and change: Is it possible to depolarize the debate? Counseling Psychologist, 32, 741-749.

Worthington, R. L., & Reynolds, A. L. (2009). Within-group differences in sexual orientation and identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 44-55.

Wright, R. H., & Cummings, N. A. (Eds.). (2005). Destructive trends in mental health: The well-intentioned path to harm. New York, NY: Routledge.

Yarhouse, M. A. (1998a). When clients seek treatment for same-sex attraction: Ethical issues in the 'right to choose' debate. Psychotherapy, 35, 234-259.

Yarhouse, M. A. (1998b). When families present with concerns about an adolescent?s experience of same-sex attraction. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26, 321-330.

Yarhouse, M. A. (2009). The battle regarding sexuality. In N. Cummings, W. O'Donohue, & J. Cummings (Eds.), Psychology?s war on religion (pp. 63-93). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker, & Theisen.

Yarhouse, M. A., & Brooke, H. L. (2005). Running a sexual identity therapy group. Poster presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

Yarhouse, M. A., & Burkett, L. A. (2002). An inclusive response to LGB and conservative religious persons: The case of same-sex attraction and behavior. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 235-241.

Yarhouse, M. A., Burkett, L. A., & Kreeft, E. M. (2002). Paraprofessional Christian ministries for sexual behavior and same-sex identity conflicts. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 30, 209-227.

Yarhouse, M. A., & Tan, E. S. N. (2004). Sexual identity synthesis: Attributions, meaning making, and the search for congruence. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Yarhouse, M. A., & Throckmorton, W. (2001). Ethical issues in attempts to ban reorientation therapies. In P. A. Bigaler (Chair), Clinical issues and ethical concerns regarding attempts to change sexual orientation: An update. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, New Orleans, LA.

Yarhouse, M. A., & Throckmorton, W. (2002). Ethical issues in attempts to ban reorientation therapies. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39, 66-75.

Yarhouse, M. A., & VanOrman, B. T. (1999). When psychologists work with religious clients: Applications of the general principles of ethical conduct. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 557-562.

Zubenko, G. S., George, A. W., Soloff, P. H., & Schulz, P. (1987). Sexual practices among patients with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 748-752.

Zucker, K. J., & Bradley, S. J. (1995). Gender Identity Disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford.